PSR

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Abstract Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We f...

Efficient reconfiguration of optical multicast trees in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is required. Multimedia applications which consume a huge bandwidth, require multicasting. So, multicast concept is extended to optical networks to improve performance. Today, networks are facing many phenomena such as changes in the traffic model, failures, additions or deletions of some network resources due to a maintenance operation. To cope with these phenomena, network operators compute new topology according to the applications requirements. Some real-time multicast applications are n...

Efficient reconfiguration of optical multicast trees in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is required. Multimedia applications which consume a huge bandwidth, require multicasting. So, multicast concept is extended to optical networks to improve performance. Today, networks are facing many phenomena such as changes in the traffic model, failures, additions or deletions of some network resources due to a maintenance operation. To cope with these phenomena, network operators compute new topology according to the applications requirements. Some real-time multicast applications are n...

Efficient reconfiguration of optical multicast trees in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is required. Multimedia applications which consume a huge bandwidth, require multicasting. So, multicast concept is extended to optical networks to improve performance. Today, networks are facing many phenomena such as changes in the traffic model, failures, additions or deletions of some network resources due to a maintenance operation. To cope with these phenomena, network operators compute new topology according to the applications requirements. Some real-time multicast applications are n...

Efficient reconfiguration of optical multicast trees in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is required. Multimedia applications which consume a huge bandwidth, require multicasting. So, multicast concept is extended to optical networks to improve performance. Today, networks are facing many phenomena such as changes in the traffic model, failures, additions or deletions of some network resources due to a maintenance operation. To cope with these phenomena, network operators compute new topology according to the applications requirements. Some real-time multicast applications are n...

Efficient reconfiguration of optical multicast trees in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is required. Multimedia applications which consume a huge bandwidth, require multicasting. So, multicast concept is extended to optical networks to improve performance. Today, networks are facing many phenomena such as changes in the traffic model, failures, additions or deletions of some network resources due to a maintenance operation. To cope with these phenomena, network operators compute new topology according to the applications requirements. Some real-time multicast applications are n...

Efficient reconfiguration of optical multicast trees in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is required. Multimedia applications which consume a huge bandwidth, require multicasting. So, multicast concept is extended to optical networks to improve performance. Today, networks are facing many phenomena such as changes in the traffic model, failures, additions or deletions of some network resources due to a maintenance operation. To cope with these phenomena, network operators compute new topology according to the applications requirements. Some real-time multicast applications are n...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we...

In smallholder farms of Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the northeast of the country, Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea) has become an important crop because of its multiple beneficial facets. Pigeonpea seeds provide food to make ends meet, are sold on local markets and aerial parts serve as forage for animals. Since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, C. cajan also improves soil fertility and reduces fallow time. Yet, seed yields remain low mostly because farmers cannot afford chemical fertilizers. To identify local rhizobial strains susceptible...

In smallholder farms of Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the northeast of the country, Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea) has become an important crop because of its multiple beneficial facets. Pigeonpea seeds provide food to make ends meet, are sold on local markets and aerial parts serve as forage for animals. Since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, C. cajan also improves soil fertility and reduces fallow time. Yet, seed yields remain low mostly because farmers cannot afford chemical fertilizers. To identify local rhizobial strains susceptible...

In smallholder farms of Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the northeast of the country, Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea) has become an important crop because of its multiple beneficial facets. Pigeonpea seeds provide food to make ends meet, are sold on local markets and aerial parts serve as forage for animals. Since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, C. cajan also improves soil fertility and reduces fallow time. Yet, seed yields remain low mostly because farmers cannot afford chemical fertilizers. To identify local rhizobial strains susceptible...

In smallholder farms of Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the northeast of the country, Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea) has become an important crop because of its multiple beneficial facets. Pigeonpea seeds provide food to make ends meet, are sold on local markets and aerial parts serve as forage for animals. Since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, C. cajan also improves soil fertility and reduces fallow time. Yet, seed yields remain low mostly because farmers cannot afford chemical fertilizers. To identify local rhizobial strains susceptible...

In smallholder farms of Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the northeast of the country, Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea) has become an important crop because of its multiple beneficial facets. Pigeonpea seeds provide food to make ends meet, are sold on local markets and aerial parts serve as forage for animals. Since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, C. cajan also improves soil fertility and reduces fallow time. Yet, seed yields remain low mostly because farmers cannot afford chemical fertilizers. To identify local rhizobial strains susceptible...

Surface sediments of the Déganobo lacustrine system (San-Pédro, Côte d'Ivoire), source or sink of phosphorus? This study focused on evaluating the seasonal self-purification potential of phosphorus at the water-sediment interface in the Deganobo lake system. To this end, samples of free water at the water-sediment interface and surface sediments of this aquatic ecosystem were collected over a one-year period (from August 2021 to July 2022). The concentrations of orthophosphates in these free waters and interstitial waters were determined in accordance with the NF ISO 6878 standard. The seasona...

Surface sediments of the Déganobo lacustrine system (San-Pédro, Côte d'Ivoire), source or sink of phosphorus? This study focused on evaluating the seasonal self-purification potential of phosphorus at the water-sediment interface in the Deganobo lake system. To this end, samples of free water at the water-sediment interface and surface sediments of this aquatic ecosystem were collected over a one-year period (from August 2021 to July 2022). The concentrations of orthophosphates in these free waters and interstitial waters were determined in accordance with the NF ISO 6878 standard. The seasona...

Surface sediments of the Déganobo lacustrine system (San-Pédro, Côte d'Ivoire), source or sink of phosphorus? This study focused on evaluating the seasonal self-purification potential of phosphorus at the water-sediment interface in the Deganobo lake system. To this end, samples of free water at the water-sediment interface and surface sediments of this aquatic ecosystem were collected over a one-year period (from August 2021 to July 2022). The concentrations of orthophosphates in these free waters and interstitial waters were determined in accordance with the NF ISO 6878 standard. The seasona...

Surface sediments of the Déganobo lacustrine system (San-Pédro, Côte d'Ivoire), source or sink of phosphorus? This study focused on evaluating the seasonal self-purification potential of phosphorus at the water-sediment interface in the Deganobo lake system. To this end, samples of free water at the water-sediment interface and surface sediments of this aquatic ecosystem were collected over a one-year period (from August 2021 to July 2022). The concentrations of orthophosphates in these free waters and interstitial waters were determined in accordance with the NF ISO 6878 standard. The seasona...

L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence, la variabilité dans les séries pluviométriques de la région de Katiola, située au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, des données de pluviométrie couvrant la période de 1949 à 2013 ont été utilisées. La méthodologie adoptée est basée sur le calcul de l’indice pluviométrique de Nicholson, et des tests statistiques de détection des ruptures et tendance (test de Pettitt, test de tendance de Mann–Kendall). Les résultats obtenus indiquent que sur la période déterminée, les hauteurs pluviométriques annuelles os...

L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence, la variabilité dans les séries pluviométriques de la région de Katiola, située au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, des données de pluviométrie couvrant la période de 1949 à 2013 ont été utilisées. La méthodologie adoptée est basée sur le calcul de l’indice pluviométrique de Nicholson, et des tests statistiques de détection des ruptures et tendance (test de Pettitt, test de tendance de Mann–Kendall). Les résultats obtenus indiquent que sur la période déterminée, les hauteurs pluviométriques annuelles os...

L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence, la variabilité dans les séries pluviométriques de la région de Katiola, située au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, des données de pluviométrie couvrant la période de 1949 à 2013 ont été utilisées. La méthodologie adoptée est basée sur le calcul de l’indice pluviométrique de Nicholson, et des tests statistiques de détection des ruptures et tendance (test de Pettitt, test de tendance de Mann–Kendall). Les résultats obtenus indiquent que sur la période déterminée, les hauteurs pluviométriques annuelles os...

L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence, la variabilité dans les séries pluviométriques de la région de Katiola, située au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, des données de pluviométrie couvrant la période de 1949 à 2013 ont été utilisées. La méthodologie adoptée est basée sur le calcul de l’indice pluviométrique de Nicholson, et des tests statistiques de détection des ruptures et tendance (test de Pettitt, test de tendance de Mann–Kendall). Les résultats obtenus indiquent que sur la période déterminée, les hauteurs pluviométriques annuelles os...

Dans les zones cotonnières de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre, le soutien apporté aux exploitations dans le cadre d’actions nationales ou en coopération ne repose pas sur une typologie des exploitations, que ce soit pour l’identification des actions à conduire ou pour l’évaluation de celles-ci. Une telle situation peut résulter d’un manque de typologie ou, plus souvent, du manque d’application effective et régulière d’une typologie. Cet article propose une démarche de typologie pour l’action en Côte d’Ivoire, la distribution des exploitations entre les types servant à identifier les actions...

Dans les zones cotonnières de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre, le soutien apporté aux exploitations dans le cadre d’actions nationales ou en coopération ne repose pas sur une typologie des exploitations, que ce soit pour l’identification des actions à conduire ou pour l’évaluation de celles-ci. Une telle situation peut résulter d’un manque de typologie ou, plus souvent, du manque d’application effective et régulière d’une typologie. Cet article propose une démarche de typologie pour l’action en Côte d’Ivoire, la distribution des exploitations entre les types servant à identifier les actions...

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by IETF, and its salient features, such as supporting unmodified mobile node (MN), expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. However, current research and development mainly focus on its unicast mechanism. In this paper, we propose two multicast listener mobility mechanisms for PMIPv6, named LMA-MLM and MAG-MLM, by drawing a lesson from the designing of Mobile IP (MIP) based multicast solutions. Moreover, we present qualitative and quantitative comparison between MlP-based solutions and our proposals. Although the research...

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by IETF, and its salient features, such as supporting unmodified mobile node (MN), expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. However, current research and development mainly focus on its unicast mechanism. In this paper, we propose two multicast listener mobility mechanisms for PMIPv6, named LMA-MLM and MAG-MLM, by drawing a lesson from the designing of Mobile IP (MIP) based multicast solutions. Moreover, we present qualitative and quantitative comparison between MlP-based solutions and our proposals. Although the research...

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by IETF, and its salient features, such as supporting unmodified mobile node (MN), expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. However, current research and development mainly focus on its unicast mechanism. In this paper, we propose two multicast listener mobility mechanisms for PMIPv6, named LMA-MLM and MAG-MLM, by drawing a lesson from the designing of Mobile IP (MIP) based multicast solutions. Moreover, we present qualitative and quantitative comparison between MlP-based solutions and our proposals. Although the research...

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by IETF, and its salient features, such as supporting unmodified mobile node (MN), expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. However, current research and development mainly focus on its unicast mechanism. In this paper, we propose two multicast listener mobility mechanisms for PMIPv6, named LMA-MLM and MAG-MLM, by drawing a lesson from the designing of Mobile IP (MIP) based multicast solutions. Moreover, we present qualitative and quantitative comparison between MlP-based solutions and our proposals. Although the research...

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by IETF, and its salient features, such as supporting unmodified mobile node (MN), expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. However, current research and development mainly focus on its unicast mechanism. In this paper, we propose two multicast listener mobility mechanisms for PMIPv6, named LMA-MLM and MAG-MLM, by drawing a lesson from the designing of Mobile IP (MIP) based multicast solutions. Moreover, we present qualitative and quantitative comparison between MlP-based solutions and our proposals. Although the research...

This chapter contains sections titled: Summary Introduction Measured Organic Fractions Description of Investigated Aquifers Results Discussion Conclusions and Recommendations References

This chapter contains sections titled: Summary Introduction Measured Organic Fractions Description of Investigated Aquifers Results Discussion Conclusions and Recommendations References

This paper proposes a program development for evaluating a condition of insulating oil of distribution transformer from Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) sampling data. The DGA methods such as Key Gas method, Total Dissolved Combustible Gas (TDCG), Dörnenburg Ratio method, Rogers Ratio method and Duval Triangle method are applied to assess actual condition of distribution transformer. All five methods are developed by excel program for simple usage with minimum cost of utility. A total of 50 distribution transformers in Thailand are analyzed and compared to identify actual conditions of those trans...

This paper proposes a program development for evaluating a condition of insulating oil of distribution transformer from Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) sampling data. The DGA methods such as Key Gas method, Total Dissolved Combustible Gas (TDCG), Dörnenburg Ratio method, Rogers Ratio method and Duval Triangle method are applied to assess actual condition of distribution transformer. All five methods are developed by excel program for simple usage with minimum cost of utility. A total of 50 distribution transformers in Thailand are analyzed and compared to identify actual conditions of those trans...

This paper proposes a program development for evaluating a condition of insulating oil of distribution transformer from Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) sampling data. The DGA methods such as Key Gas method, Total Dissolved Combustible Gas (TDCG), Dörnenburg Ratio method, Rogers Ratio method and Duval Triangle method are applied to assess actual condition of distribution transformer. All five methods are developed by excel program for simple usage with minimum cost of utility. A total of 50 distribution transformers in Thailand are analyzed and compared to identify actual conditions of those trans...

AbstractThis paper aims to study the possibility of using plastic waste as a binding material instead of cement in the manufacturing of roofing tiles. The study bears on plastics with a polypropylene basis. Plastic waste is carried to melt and mixed with a varying proportion of sand (variation between 50 and 80% in weight). Five compsitions of tiles characterized by their proportion in plastic waste of 0% (tiles in mcro-concrete), 20, 30, 40 and 50% were studied. The measuremens of physical and mechanical properties show that plastic waste tiles whose proportion in plastic is 40%, give better...

Control of lepidopteran larvae, the main pests in maize fields, has become necessary since the appearance and spread of Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was carried out at the Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny in Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire). The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three chemical - Viper 46 EC (Acetamiprid 16 g/l and Indoxacarb 30 g/l), K-Optimal 35 EC (Lambdacyhalothrin 15 g/l and Acetamiprid 20 g/l) and Ampligo 150 ZC (Chlorantanlipol 100 g/l and Lambdacyhalothrin 50 g/l) - and one biological insecticide Bio-Elit (Azadirachtin, Salanin, Nimbi...

Control of lepidopteran larvae, the main pests in maize fields, has become necessary since the appearance and spread of Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was carried out at the Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny in Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire). The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three chemical - Viper 46 EC (Acetamiprid 16 g/l and Indoxacarb 30 g/l), K-Optimal 35 EC (Lambdacyhalothrin 15 g/l and Acetamiprid 20 g/l) and Ampligo 150 ZC (Chlorantanlipol 100 g/l and Lambdacyhalothrin 50 g/l) - and one biological insecticide Bio-Elit (Azadirachtin, Salanin, Nimbi...

Control of lepidopteran larvae, the main pests in maize fields, has become necessary since the appearance and spread of Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was carried out at the Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny in Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire). The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three chemical - Viper 46 EC (Acetamiprid 16 g/l and Indoxacarb 30 g/l), K-Optimal 35 EC (Lambdacyhalothrin 15 g/l and Acetamiprid 20 g/l) and Ampligo 150 ZC (Chlorantanlipol 100 g/l and Lambdacyhalothrin 50 g/l) - and one biological insecticide Bio-Elit (Azadirachtin, Salanin, Nimbi...

Control of lepidopteran larvae, the main pests in maize fields, has become necessary since the appearance and spread of Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was carried out at the Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny in Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire). The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three chemical - Viper 46 EC (Acetamiprid 16 g/l and Indoxacarb 30 g/l), K-Optimal 35 EC (Lambdacyhalothrin 15 g/l and Acetamiprid 20 g/l) and Ampligo 150 ZC (Chlorantanlipol 100 g/l and Lambdacyhalothrin 50 g/l) - and one biological insecticide Bio-Elit (Azadirachtin, Salanin, Nimbi...

Control of lepidopteran larvae, the main pests in maize fields, has become necessary since the appearance and spread of Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was carried out at the Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny in Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire). The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three chemical - Viper 46 EC (Acetamiprid 16 g/l and Indoxacarb 30 g/l), K-Optimal 35 EC (Lambdacyhalothrin 15 g/l and Acetamiprid 20 g/l) and Ampligo 150 ZC (Chlorantanlipol 100 g/l and Lambdacyhalothrin 50 g/l) - and one biological insecticide Bio-Elit (Azadirachtin, Salanin, Nimbi...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

La population de la ville d'Abidjan s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. Cette croissance s'est accompagnée d'une forte urbanisation et d'une croissance industrielle non contrôlées. A celas'ajoute une absence de structure de surveillance efficace et surtout un non respect de la réglementation environnementale. La production importante de déchets domestiques, industriels et hospitaliers qui en résulte, est confrontée à une gestion insuffisante et à des problèmes d'infrastructures et de difficultés économiques. Les quantités de déchets générés en 2002, par la ville sont estimées à...

AbstractMuch of the debate that surrounds Ayi Kwei Armah’s Two Thousand Seasons (1973),1 concerns generic classification. And, as a text that is generally regarded as one which problematizes Eurocentric notions of genre, it is also one that invites at least some discussion of Armah’s choice of fictional mode — even when the argument tends towards the philosophical rather than the classificatory. This work has been variously categorized as ‘historical novel’ (Bernth Lindfors: 1980, Hugh Webb: 1980, Kofi Anyidoho: 1982); as ‘epic’ (Edward Sackey: 1981),2 and, somewhat less explicably, as ‘Africa...

Application of cross-flow microfiltration in the production of clarified cashew juice by means of mineral membranes.Abstract --Introduction.Cashew apple is often regarded as a by-product of the cashew nut industry, and remains under-developed.Among the various possible technological options for the clarification of the pulpy fruit juices, cross-flow microfiltration on mineral membranes is a particularly promising process.Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the advantages of this process for the production of clarified cashew apple juice.Materials and methods.Filtration assays were...

Application of cross-flow microfiltration in the production of clarified cashew juice by means of mineral membranes.Abstract --Introduction.Cashew apple is often regarded as a by-product of the cashew nut industry, and remains under-developed.Among the various possible technological options for the clarification of the pulpy fruit juices, cross-flow microfiltration on mineral membranes is a particularly promising process.Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the advantages of this process for the production of clarified cashew apple juice.Materials and methods.Filtration assays were...

Application of cross-flow microfiltration in the production of clarified cashew juice by means of mineral membranes.Abstract --Introduction.Cashew apple is often regarded as a by-product of the cashew nut industry, and remains under-developed.Among the various possible technological options for the clarification of the pulpy fruit juices, cross-flow microfiltration on mineral membranes is a particularly promising process.Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the advantages of this process for the production of clarified cashew apple juice.Materials and methods.Filtration assays were...

Application of cross-flow microfiltration in the production of clarified cashew juice by means of mineral membranes.Abstract --Introduction.Cashew apple is often regarded as a by-product of the cashew nut industry, and remains under-developed.Among the various possible technological options for the clarification of the pulpy fruit juices, cross-flow microfiltration on mineral membranes is a particularly promising process.Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the advantages of this process for the production of clarified cashew apple juice.Materials and methods.Filtration assays were...

Citric acid is of great economic importance due to its wide range of applications. Citric acid, which is a versatile and widely used organic acid, constitutes 60% of organic acids used in the food industry and 10% of those in the pharmaceutical industry. Citric acid is produced using various agricultural wastes as a substrate through solid state or submerged fermentation. In this study waste grape pomace was proposed as a valuable substrate alternative for citric acid production using submerged fermentation. Initially screening of citric acid production capacity was conducted using 6 different...

Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation de la productivité des aquifères fissurés du département d'Agboville à partir d'une approche qui prend en compte la variabilité climatique, le bilan hydrologique, l'épaisseur d'altérites, la profondeur totale des forages et les débits d'exploitation. Une analyse de données pluviométriques s'étalant sur 78 ans et des paramètres hydrogéologiques sur 230 forages a été effectuée. Les résultats mettent en évidence une bonne recharge des aquifères malgré la baisse pluviométrique observée depuis 1977. L'influence de l'épaisseur n'est pas linéaire; cependant l...

Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation de la productivité des aquifères fissurés du département d'Agboville à partir d'une approche qui prend en compte la variabilité climatique, le bilan hydrologique, l'épaisseur d'altérites, la profondeur totale des forages et les débits d'exploitation. Une analyse de données pluviométriques s'étalant sur 78 ans et des paramètres hydrogéologiques sur 230 forages a été effectuée. Les résultats mettent en évidence une bonne recharge des aquifères malgré la baisse pluviométrique observée depuis 1977. L'influence de l'épaisseur n'est pas linéaire; cependant l...

Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation de la productivité des aquifères fissurés du département d'Agboville à partir d'une approche qui prend en compte la variabilité climatique, le bilan hydrologique, l'épaisseur d'altérites, la profondeur totale des forages et les débits d'exploitation. Une analyse de données pluviométriques s'étalant sur 78 ans et des paramètres hydrogéologiques sur 230 forages a été effectuée. Les résultats mettent en évidence une bonne recharge des aquifères malgré la baisse pluviométrique observée depuis 1977. L'influence de l'épaisseur n'est pas linéaire; cependant l...

Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation de la productivité des aquifères fissurés du département d'Agboville à partir d'une approche qui prend en compte la variabilité climatique, le bilan hydrologique, l'épaisseur d'altérites, la profondeur totale des forages et les débits d'exploitation. Une analyse de données pluviométriques s'étalant sur 78 ans et des paramètres hydrogéologiques sur 230 forages a été effectuée. Les résultats mettent en évidence une bonne recharge des aquifères malgré la baisse pluviométrique observée depuis 1977. L'influence de l'épaisseur n'est pas linéaire; cependant l...