PSR

Les avancées technologiques en matière d’acquisition de données spatialisées offrent la possibilité de prendre en compte la répartition spatiale des caractéristiques physiques du bassin versant dans la modélisation hydrologique. Cet article présente une étude comparative des performances entre un modèle hydrologique semi-distribué à base physique SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) et un modèle global à réservoirs GR4J (Génie rural à quatre paramètres journaliers) appliqués au bassin versant de l’aval Mekerra. Pour ces deux modèles, les données de pluie et de la température sont similaires,...

Les inondations des dernières années en Afrique de l'Ouest rendent nécessaire la prévision hydrologique pour réduire la vulnérabilité des populations. Nous avons étudié la dynamique des crues dans le bassin du Mono en amont du barrage de Nangbéto (Togo et Bénin) par des méthodes statistiques et déterministes. L'augmentation des précipitations au cours de la décennie 1990 et la mise en eau du barrage de Nangbéto en 1988 ont modifié le régime du Mono, dont les débits d'étiages ont augmenté. Les débits entrants et sortants du barrage sont équivalents, même lors des crues. Les maximums annuels des...

Les inondations des dernières années en Afrique de l'Ouest rendent nécessaire la prévision hydrologique pour réduire la vulnérabilité des populations. Nous avons étudié la dynamique des crues dans le bassin du Mono en amont du barrage de Nangbéto (Togo et Bénin) par des méthodes statistiques et déterministes. L'augmentation des précipitations au cours de la décennie 1990 et la mise en eau du barrage de Nangbéto en 1988 ont modifié le régime du Mono, dont les débits d'étiages ont augmenté. Les débits entrants et sortants du barrage sont équivalents, même lors des crues. Les maximums annuels des...

Les inondations des dernières années en Afrique de l'Ouest rendent nécessaire la prévision hydrologique pour réduire la vulnérabilité des populations. Nous avons étudié la dynamique des crues dans le bassin du Mono en amont du barrage de Nangbéto (Togo et Bénin) par des méthodes statistiques et déterministes. L'augmentation des précipitations au cours de la décennie 1990 et la mise en eau du barrage de Nangbéto en 1988 ont modifié le régime du Mono, dont les débits d'étiages ont augmenté. Les débits entrants et sortants du barrage sont équivalents, même lors des crues. Les maximums annuels des...

Les inondations des dernières années en Afrique de l'Ouest rendent nécessaire la prévision hydrologique pour réduire la vulnérabilité des populations. Nous avons étudié la dynamique des crues dans le bassin du Mono en amont du barrage de Nangbéto (Togo et Bénin) par des méthodes statistiques et déterministes. L'augmentation des précipitations au cours de la décennie 1990 et la mise en eau du barrage de Nangbéto en 1988 ont modifié le régime du Mono, dont les débits d'étiages ont augmenté. Les débits entrants et sortants du barrage sont équivalents, même lors des crues. Les maximums annuels des...

Les inondations des dernières années en Afrique de l'Ouest rendent nécessaire la prévision hydrologique pour réduire la vulnérabilité des populations. Nous avons étudié la dynamique des crues dans le bassin du Mono en amont du barrage de Nangbéto (Togo et Bénin) par des méthodes statistiques et déterministes. L'augmentation des précipitations au cours de la décennie 1990 et la mise en eau du barrage de Nangbéto en 1988 ont modifié le régime du Mono, dont les débits d'étiages ont augmenté. Les débits entrants et sortants du barrage sont équivalents, même lors des crues. Les maximums annuels des...

Cette étude présente la mise au point d'un modèle intégré du fonctionnement hydrologique du bassin versant total du Sassandra en Côte d'Ivoire (environ 75 000 km2). Ce modèle permet d'analyser les effets des aménagements existants et planifiés sur les débits. Il repose sur le couplage d'un modèle d'allocation des ressources en eau avec un modèle pluie-débit. Le modèle repose sur une discrétisation en huit sous-bassins versants, pour lesquels les débits mensuels ont été reconstitués grâce à des méthodes hydrologiques simples à mettre en œuvre et robustes, donc bien adaptées au contexte opératio...

Abstract. Le Bouregreg est le deuxième fleuve du Maroc. Il draine les eaux du centre du Maroc, du Moyen Atlas à l'Atlantique, qui sont stockées dans la retenue du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah créé en 1974 et situé à proximité de Rabat. Sa fonction exclusive est l'alimentation en eau potable pour les besoins individuels et industriels de 6 millions d'habitants de la bande littorale allant de Kénitra à Casablanca. Toutefois, l'exploitation de cette retenue présente aujourd'hui quelques incertitudes surtout en considérant l'augmentation de la population, la baisse des volumes précipités depu...

Abstract. Le Bouregreg est le deuxième fleuve du Maroc. Il draine les eaux du centre du Maroc, du Moyen Atlas à l'Atlantique, qui sont stockées dans la retenue du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah créé en 1974 et situé à proximité de Rabat. Sa fonction exclusive est l'alimentation en eau potable pour les besoins individuels et industriels de 6 millions d'habitants de la bande littorale allant de Kénitra à Casablanca. Toutefois, l'exploitation de cette retenue présente aujourd'hui quelques incertitudes surtout en considérant l'augmentation de la population, la baisse des volumes précipités depu...

Abstract. Le Bouregreg est le deuxième fleuve du Maroc. Il draine les eaux du centre du Maroc, du Moyen Atlas à l'Atlantique, qui sont stockées dans la retenue du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah créé en 1974 et situé à proximité de Rabat. Sa fonction exclusive est l'alimentation en eau potable pour les besoins individuels et industriels de 6 millions d'habitants de la bande littorale allant de Kénitra à Casablanca. Toutefois, l'exploitation de cette retenue présente aujourd'hui quelques incertitudes surtout en considérant l'augmentation de la population, la baisse des volumes précipités depu...

Abstract. Le Bouregreg est le deuxième fleuve du Maroc. Il draine les eaux du centre du Maroc, du Moyen Atlas à l'Atlantique, qui sont stockées dans la retenue du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah créé en 1974 et situé à proximité de Rabat. Sa fonction exclusive est l'alimentation en eau potable pour les besoins individuels et industriels de 6 millions d'habitants de la bande littorale allant de Kénitra à Casablanca. Toutefois, l'exploitation de cette retenue présente aujourd'hui quelques incertitudes surtout en considérant l'augmentation de la population, la baisse des volumes précipités depu...

Abstract. Le Bouregreg est le deuxième fleuve du Maroc. Il draine les eaux du centre du Maroc, du Moyen Atlas à l'Atlantique, qui sont stockées dans la retenue du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah créé en 1974 et situé à proximité de Rabat. Sa fonction exclusive est l'alimentation en eau potable pour les besoins individuels et industriels de 6 millions d'habitants de la bande littorale allant de Kénitra à Casablanca. Toutefois, l'exploitation de cette retenue présente aujourd'hui quelques incertitudes surtout en considérant l'augmentation de la population, la baisse des volumes précipités depu...

Abstract. Le Bouregreg est le deuxième fleuve du Maroc. Il draine les eaux du centre du Maroc, du Moyen Atlas à l'Atlantique, qui sont stockées dans la retenue du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah créé en 1974 et situé à proximité de Rabat. Sa fonction exclusive est l'alimentation en eau potable pour les besoins individuels et industriels de 6 millions d'habitants de la bande littorale allant de Kénitra à Casablanca. Toutefois, l'exploitation de cette retenue présente aujourd'hui quelques incertitudes surtout en considérant l'augmentation de la population, la baisse des volumes précipités depu...

Le concept de chaine logistique a recu un interet croissant dans la communaute du Genie des Procedes dans la derniere decennie. Cet article discute de son application a l'industrie pharmaceutique. Une attention specifique est portee a la modelisation et a l'optimisation des trois phases cles du cycle de vie d'un medicament innovant, a savoir la gestion du «pipeline» de developpement du produit, la planification de la capacite de production et enfin la gestion de la chaine logistique proprement dite. Une analyse des travaux publies dans ce domaine est realisee avec une identification de possibl...

Tridax procumbens L., popularmente conhecida como erva de touro ou picão branco é amplamente utilizada pela população de diversos países, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga e considerada uma erva daninha no Brasil. A espécie é utilizada popularmente para o tratamento de hipertensão, inflamações, depurativo e curativo de feridas. Vale enfatizar que T. procumbens apresenta similaridades taxonômicas com outras espécies tanto do gênero Tridax quanto de outros gêneros de Asteraceae, a exemplo espécies do gênero Bidens. Frente a isso, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar a caracterização anatômica e hist...

Tridax procumbens L., popularmente conhecida como erva de touro ou picão branco é amplamente utilizada pela população de diversos países, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga e considerada uma erva daninha no Brasil. A espécie é utilizada popularmente para o tratamento de hipertensão, inflamações, depurativo e curativo de feridas. Vale enfatizar que T. procumbens apresenta similaridades taxonômicas com outras espécies tanto do gênero Tridax quanto de outros gêneros de Asteraceae, a exemplo espécies do gênero Bidens. Frente a isso, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar a caracterização anatômica e hist...

Tridax procumbens L., popularmente conhecida como erva de touro ou picão branco é amplamente utilizada pela população de diversos países, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga e considerada uma erva daninha no Brasil. A espécie é utilizada popularmente para o tratamento de hipertensão, inflamações, depurativo e curativo de feridas. Vale enfatizar que T. procumbens apresenta similaridades taxonômicas com outras espécies tanto do gênero Tridax quanto de outros gêneros de Asteraceae, a exemplo espécies do gênero Bidens. Frente a isso, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar a caracterização anatômica e hist...

Tridax procumbens L., popularmente conhecida como erva de touro ou picão branco é amplamente utilizada pela população de diversos países, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga e considerada uma erva daninha no Brasil. A espécie é utilizada popularmente para o tratamento de hipertensão, inflamações, depurativo e curativo de feridas. Vale enfatizar que T. procumbens apresenta similaridades taxonômicas com outras espécies tanto do gênero Tridax quanto de outros gêneros de Asteraceae, a exemplo espécies do gênero Bidens. Frente a isso, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar a caracterização anatômica e hist...

Trees located in riparian landscapes of boreal hydrosystems are directly exposed to spring floods. Injuries inflicted to these stems during floods (often carrying ice blocks or ice rafts) evolve under the form of scars that can be dated by dendrochronology. The retrospective analysis of the frequency and height of these injuries can inform on the seasonality, intensity, and frequency of past high water levels. However, depending on the environment in which these scars are found, different informations on hydrograph properties may be retrieved. Along rivers, trees located on flood-plains tend t...

Trees located in riparian landscapes of boreal hydrosystems are directly exposed to spring floods. Injuries inflicted to these stems during floods (often carrying ice blocks or ice rafts) evolve under the form of scars that can be dated by dendrochronology. The retrospective analysis of the frequency and height of these injuries can inform on the seasonality, intensity, and frequency of past high water levels. However, depending on the environment in which these scars are found, different informations on hydrograph properties may be retrieved. Along rivers, trees located on flood-plains tend t...

Trees located in riparian landscapes of boreal hydrosystems are directly exposed to spring floods. Injuries inflicted to these stems during floods (often carrying ice blocks or ice rafts) evolve under the form of scars that can be dated by dendrochronology. The retrospective analysis of the frequency and height of these injuries can inform on the seasonality, intensity, and frequency of past high water levels. However, depending on the environment in which these scars are found, different informations on hydrograph properties may be retrieved. Along rivers, trees located on flood-plains tend t...

Moisture desorption isotherms (ERH-EMC) of cocoa beans were determined using a constant environment chamber for various combinations of air relative humidity (30 to 90%) and temperature (20 to 70 C). The sigmoidal desorption isotherms show that moisture is being adsorbed in multilayers and that the cocoa beans are macroporous. The new modified Hasley, Henderson, and Chung equations whose parameters are fitted to a fifth-order polynomial with respect to temperature, can be used to represent the desorption isotherms of cocoa beans satisfactorily in the temperature range investigated. All three e...

Moisture desorption isotherms (ERH-EMC) of cocoa beans were determined using a constant environment chamber for various combinations of air relative humidity (30 to 90%) and temperature (20 to 70 C). The sigmoidal desorption isotherms show that moisture is being adsorbed in multilayers and that the cocoa beans are macroporous. The new modified Hasley, Henderson, and Chung equations whose parameters are fitted to a fifth-order polynomial with respect to temperature, can be used to represent the desorption isotherms of cocoa beans satisfactorily in the temperature range investigated. All three e...

Moisture desorption isotherms (ERH-EMC) of cocoa beans were determined using a constant environment chamber for various combinations of air relative humidity (30 to 90%) and temperature (20 to 70 C). The sigmoidal desorption isotherms show that moisture is being adsorbed in multilayers and that the cocoa beans are macroporous. The new modified Hasley, Henderson, and Chung equations whose parameters are fitted to a fifth-order polynomial with respect to temperature, can be used to represent the desorption isotherms of cocoa beans satisfactorily in the temperature range investigated. All three e...

Trifolium alexandrinum L. is a leguminuous plant having tremendous nutritional values associated with it to be utilized as cattle feed. The germination is affected by different factors and one of them being the water absorption capacity of seeds for initial germination. In our study three cultivars of T. alexandrinum viz. BB1 BB2 BB3 were selected and their corresponding seeds were germinated under Na2SO4 stress. The salt concentration chosen for the study ranged from 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM. The study revealed that the salt concentration 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM were not havin...

Trifolium alexandrinum L. is a leguminuous plant having tremendous nutritional values associated with it to be utilized as cattle feed. The germination is affected by different factors and one of them being the water absorption capacity of seeds for initial germination. In our study three cultivars of T. alexandrinum viz. BB1 BB2 BB3 were selected and their corresponding seeds were germinated under Na2SO4 stress. The salt concentration chosen for the study ranged from 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM. The study revealed that the salt concentration 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM were not havin...

Trifolium alexandrinum L. is a leguminuous plant having tremendous nutritional values associated with it to be utilized as cattle feed. The germination is affected by different factors and one of them being the water absorption capacity of seeds for initial germination. In our study three cultivars of T. alexandrinum viz. BB1 BB2 BB3 were selected and their corresponding seeds were germinated under Na2SO4 stress. The salt concentration chosen for the study ranged from 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM. The study revealed that the salt concentration 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM were not havin...

Trifolium alexandrinum L. is a leguminuous plant having tremendous nutritional values associated with it to be utilized as cattle feed. The germination is affected by different factors and one of them being the water absorption capacity of seeds for initial germination. In our study three cultivars of T. alexandrinum viz. BB1 BB2 BB3 were selected and their corresponding seeds were germinated under Na2SO4 stress. The salt concentration chosen for the study ranged from 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM. The study revealed that the salt concentration 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM were not havin...

Trifolium alexandrinum L. is a leguminuous plant having tremendous nutritional values associated with it to be utilized as cattle feed. The germination is affected by different factors and one of them being the water absorption capacity of seeds for initial germination. In our study three cultivars of T. alexandrinum viz. BB1 BB2 BB3 were selected and their corresponding seeds were germinated under Na2SO4 stress. The salt concentration chosen for the study ranged from 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM. The study revealed that the salt concentration 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM were not havin...

AbstractMolecular identification methods are about to revolutionize studies on ecology of arbuscular mycorrhiza. These techniques offer the unique opportunity to investigate communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within roots. Recent technical advances are reviewed, discussing their drawbacks and advantages. An experimental approach to analyze AMF communities within roots using a molecular identification method is presented. Sample results from the analysis of trap cultures from a current project are shown.

AbstractMolecular identification methods are about to revolutionize studies on ecology of arbuscular mycorrhiza. These techniques offer the unique opportunity to investigate communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within roots. Recent technical advances are reviewed, discussing their drawbacks and advantages. An experimental approach to analyze AMF communities within roots using a molecular identification method is presented. Sample results from the analysis of trap cultures from a current project are shown.

AbstractMolecular identification methods are about to revolutionize studies on ecology of arbuscular mycorrhiza. These techniques offer the unique opportunity to investigate communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within roots. Recent technical advances are reviewed, discussing their drawbacks and advantages. An experimental approach to analyze AMF communities within roots using a molecular identification method is presented. Sample results from the analysis of trap cultures from a current project are shown.

The flexible optical networks are the promising solution to the exponential increase of traffic generated by telecommunications networks. They combine flexibility with the finest granularity of optical resources. Therefore, the flexible optical networks position themselves as a better solution than conventional WDM network. In the operational phase, traffic of connections fluctuates. In fact, the user’s need is not the same during day periods. Such traffic may experiment evidence of rising working hours, end of months or years and decreases during the night or on holidays. This variation requi...

The flexible optical networks are the promising solution to the exponential increase of traffic generated by telecommunications networks. They combine flexibility with the finest granularity of optical resources. Therefore, the flexible optical networks position themselves as a better solution than conventional WDM network. In the operational phase, traffic of connections fluctuates. In fact, the user’s need is not the same during day periods. Such traffic may experiment evidence of rising working hours, end of months or years and decreases during the night or on holidays. This variation requi...

The flexible optical networks are the promising solution to the exponential increase of traffic generated by telecommunications networks. They combine flexibility with the finest granularity of optical resources. Therefore, the flexible optical networks position themselves as a better solution than conventional WDM network. In the operational phase, traffic of connections fluctuates. In fact, the user’s need is not the same during day periods. Such traffic may experiment evidence of rising working hours, end of months or years and decreases during the night or on holidays. This variation requi...

The flexible optical networks are the promising solution to the exponential increase of traffic generated by telecommunications networks. They combine flexibility with the finest granularity of optical resources. Therefore, the flexible optical networks position themselves as a better solution than conventional WDM network. In the operational phase, traffic of connections fluctuates. In fact, the user’s need is not the same during day periods. Such traffic may experiment evidence of rising working hours, end of months or years and decreases during the night or on holidays. This variation requi...

The flexible optical networks are the promising solution to the exponential increase of traffic generated by telecommunications networks. They combine flexibility with the finest granularity of optical resources. Therefore, the flexible optical networks position themselves as a better solution than conventional WDM network. In the operational phase, traffic of connections fluctuates. In fact, the user’s need is not the same during day periods. Such traffic may experiment evidence of rising working hours, end of months or years and decreases during the night or on holidays. This variation requi...

Le présent travail a mis en évidence les propriétés rhéologiques des farines panifiables reconstituées avec des extraits d’amidon. Du gluten vital 10% a été incorporé à 90% d’extraits d’amidons de blé, de maïs,de riz et de la pomme de terre pour obtenir, respectivement, quatre (4) types de farines F1, F2, F3 et F4. Les farines ont été reconstituées à l’aide d’un mélangeur de type KENWOOD à 4 unités de vitesse. Les caractéristiques rhéologiques des pâtes des farines reconstituées ont été analysées à l’aide du Farinographe Brabender et de l’Alvéographe Chopin. Les farines F2, F3 et F4 sont carac...

Le présent travail a mis en évidence les propriétés rhéologiques des farines panifiables reconstituées avec des extraits d’amidon. Du gluten vital 10% a été incorporé à 90% d’extraits d’amidons de blé, de maïs,de riz et de la pomme de terre pour obtenir, respectivement, quatre (4) types de farines F1, F2, F3 et F4. Les farines ont été reconstituées à l’aide d’un mélangeur de type KENWOOD à 4 unités de vitesse. Les caractéristiques rhéologiques des pâtes des farines reconstituées ont été analysées à l’aide du Farinographe Brabender et de l’Alvéographe Chopin. Les farines F2, F3 et F4 sont carac...

Le présent travail a mis en évidence les propriétés rhéologiques des farines panifiables reconstituées avec des extraits d’amidon. Du gluten vital 10% a été incorporé à 90% d’extraits d’amidons de blé, de maïs,de riz et de la pomme de terre pour obtenir, respectivement, quatre (4) types de farines F1, F2, F3 et F4. Les farines ont été reconstituées à l’aide d’un mélangeur de type KENWOOD à 4 unités de vitesse. Les caractéristiques rhéologiques des pâtes des farines reconstituées ont été analysées à l’aide du Farinographe Brabender et de l’Alvéographe Chopin. Les farines F2, F3 et F4 sont carac...

Le présent travail a mis en évidence les propriétés rhéologiques des farines panifiables reconstituées avec des extraits d’amidon. Du gluten vital 10% a été incorporé à 90% d’extraits d’amidons de blé, de maïs,de riz et de la pomme de terre pour obtenir, respectivement, quatre (4) types de farines F1, F2, F3 et F4. Les farines ont été reconstituées à l’aide d’un mélangeur de type KENWOOD à 4 unités de vitesse. Les caractéristiques rhéologiques des pâtes des farines reconstituées ont été analysées à l’aide du Farinographe Brabender et de l’Alvéographe Chopin. Les farines F2, F3 et F4 sont carac...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, t...

Elastic optical networks allow elastic allocation and de-allocation of optical resources to optimize network resources and reduce traffic demand blocking probability for dynamic traffic demands. The routing of dynamic traffic demands is a challenging task since the traffic demands are not predefined, they arrive and leave randomly. The approach presented here is a grooming, routing and spectrum allocation technique for multicast traffic demands in elastic optical networks for dynamic type of traffic demands. The simulation results show reduced blocking probability compared to existing approach...

One strategy to improve olive (Olea europaea ) tree drought tolerance is through the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which helps alleviate water deficit through a combination of morphophysiological effects. Cuttings of olive varieties Arbequina (A) and Barnea (B) were grown with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) inoculum in the olive grove rhizosphere soil. One year after establishment, pots were exposed to four different water regimes: (1) control (100% of crop evapotranspiration); (2) short-period drought (20days); (3) long-period drought (25days); and (4) rewatering (R). To evaluate...

One strategy to improve olive (Olea europaea ) tree drought tolerance is through the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which helps alleviate water deficit through a combination of morphophysiological effects. Cuttings of olive varieties Arbequina (A) and Barnea (B) were grown with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) inoculum in the olive grove rhizosphere soil. One year after establishment, pots were exposed to four different water regimes: (1) control (100% of crop evapotranspiration); (2) short-period drought (20days); (3) long-period drought (25days); and (4) rewatering (R). To evaluate...

One strategy to improve olive (Olea europaea ) tree drought tolerance is through the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which helps alleviate water deficit through a combination of morphophysiological effects. Cuttings of olive varieties Arbequina (A) and Barnea (B) were grown with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) inoculum in the olive grove rhizosphere soil. One year after establishment, pots were exposed to four different water regimes: (1) control (100% of crop evapotranspiration); (2) short-period drought (20days); (3) long-period drought (25days); and (4) rewatering (R). To evaluate...

One strategy to improve olive (Olea europaea ) tree drought tolerance is through the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which helps alleviate water deficit through a combination of morphophysiological effects. Cuttings of olive varieties Arbequina (A) and Barnea (B) were grown with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) inoculum in the olive grove rhizosphere soil. One year after establishment, pots were exposed to four different water regimes: (1) control (100% of crop evapotranspiration); (2) short-period drought (20days); (3) long-period drought (25days); and (4) rewatering (R). To evaluate...

This paper analyzes the effect of innovation clusters on the adoption of a gen- eral purpose technology (GPT) and on firms RD if the critical mass in terms of information sharing and interaction is not reached, the cluster may have negative effects. In other words, the consensual idea of expected positive effects of innovation clusters must be put into perspective.

Aims: This study is to ascertain nutrient content and antioxidant compounds of four varieties of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (UC82b, Amiral F1, Local cotelette and Local cerise) grown in Cote d’Ivoire.
 Study Design: This study is to assess the nutritional and antioxidant value of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Cote d’Ivoire in order to know if they can help to prevent against oxidative stress.
 Place and duration of Study: Four ripe tomato varieties were collected from different tomato fields in Yamoussoukro district (Cote d'Ivoire) during season from December 2...

Aims: This study is to ascertain nutrient content and antioxidant compounds of four varieties of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (UC82b, Amiral F1, Local cotelette and Local cerise) grown in Cote d’Ivoire.
 Study Design: This study is to assess the nutritional and antioxidant value of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Cote d’Ivoire in order to know if they can help to prevent against oxidative stress.
 Place and duration of Study: Four ripe tomato varieties were collected from different tomato fields in Yamoussoukro district (Cote d'Ivoire) during season from December 2...

Aims: This study is to ascertain nutrient content and antioxidant compounds of four varieties of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (UC82b, Amiral F1, Local cotelette and Local cerise) grown in Cote d’Ivoire.
 Study Design: This study is to assess the nutritional and antioxidant value of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Cote d’Ivoire in order to know if they can help to prevent against oxidative stress.
 Place and duration of Study: Four ripe tomato varieties were collected from different tomato fields in Yamoussoukro district (Cote d'Ivoire) during season from December 2...

Aims: This study is to ascertain nutrient content and antioxidant compounds of four varieties of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (UC82b, Amiral F1, Local cotelette and Local cerise) grown in Cote d’Ivoire.
 Study Design: This study is to assess the nutritional and antioxidant value of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Cote d’Ivoire in order to know if they can help to prevent against oxidative stress.
 Place and duration of Study: Four ripe tomato varieties were collected from different tomato fields in Yamoussoukro district (Cote d'Ivoire) during season from December 2...

Aims: This study is to ascertain nutrient content and antioxidant compounds of four varieties of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (UC82b, Amiral F1, Local cotelette and Local cerise) grown in Cote d’Ivoire.
 Study Design: This study is to assess the nutritional and antioxidant value of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Cote d’Ivoire in order to know if they can help to prevent against oxidative stress.
 Place and duration of Study: Four ripe tomato varieties were collected from different tomato fields in Yamoussoukro district (Cote d'Ivoire) during season from December 2...

Aims: This study is to ascertain nutrient content and antioxidant compounds of four varieties of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (UC82b, Amiral F1, Local cotelette and Local cerise) grown in Cote d’Ivoire.
 Study Design: This study is to assess the nutritional and antioxidant value of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Cote d’Ivoire in order to know if they can help to prevent against oxidative stress.
 Place and duration of Study: Four ripe tomato varieties were collected from different tomato fields in Yamoussoukro district (Cote d'Ivoire) during season from December 2...

Les oiseaux des champs de riz de la zone humide de Grand-Bassam ont été inventoriés de janvier 2011 à février 2013 en vue de déterminer la composition et la dynamique des populations de l'avifaune de ces agroécosystèmes rizicoles. Les inventaires ornithologiques effectués dans les champs de riz par stade phénologique ont permis d'identifier 100 espèces qui utilisent directement les champs de riz pour leurs divers besoins biologiques. Ce peuplement estimé à 40 556 individus d'oiseaux au cours d'un cycle de riz est beaucoup plus important à la phase de remplissage et de maturation du riz. Cette...

Les oiseaux des champs de riz de la zone humide de Grand-Bassam ont été inventoriés de janvier 2011 à février 2013 en vue de déterminer la composition et la dynamique des populations de l'avifaune de ces agroécosystèmes rizicoles. Les inventaires ornithologiques effectués dans les champs de riz par stade phénologique ont permis d'identifier 100 espèces qui utilisent directement les champs de riz pour leurs divers besoins biologiques. Ce peuplement estimé à 40 556 individus d'oiseaux au cours d'un cycle de riz est beaucoup plus important à la phase de remplissage et de maturation du riz. Cette...

Since the reference algorithm APRIORI [AGR97], other algorithms for optimizing the extraction of association rules have been developed.But no method is generally better than the others.This article deals with the optimization of closed itemsets in the context of highly correlated data.The work in this article responds to one of the perspectives of our article entitled "A new approach to optimizing the extraction of frequent 2-itemsets".In this previous article, we had obtained interesting optimization results from the 2-itemsets on a context of extraction of scattered data (weakly correlated d...

Since the reference algorithm APRIORI [AGR97], other algorithms for optimizing the extraction of association rules have been developed.But no method is generally better than the others.This article deals with the optimization of closed itemsets in the context of highly correlated data.The work in this article responds to one of the perspectives of our article entitled "A new approach to optimizing the extraction of frequent 2-itemsets".In this previous article, we had obtained interesting optimization results from the 2-itemsets on a context of extraction of scattered data (weakly correlated d...

Since the reference algorithm APRIORI [AGR97], other algorithms for optimizing the extraction of association rules have been developed.But no method is generally better than the others.This article deals with the optimization of closed itemsets in the context of highly correlated data.The work in this article responds to one of the perspectives of our article entitled "A new approach to optimizing the extraction of frequent 2-itemsets".In this previous article, we had obtained interesting optimization results from the 2-itemsets on a context of extraction of scattered data (weakly correlated d...

L’objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser des ligands capables d’établir six liaisons de coordination avec le fer(III), le cobalt(III) et l’ion uranyle. Ces ligands hexadentés sont obtenus par greffage d’un bisphosphonate, 8, comportant une chaîne carbonée porteuse d’un groupe carboxylique activé, sur des supports aminés linéaires, cycliques ou tripodes 1 à 7. Dans les intermédiaires 9 à 15 ainsi formés, toutes les fonctions acide du phosphore sont estérifiées. Le traitement au bromotriméthylsilane de ces intermédiaires conduit aux ligands 9a à 15a. Pour citer cet article : R. Burgada et al....

L’objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser des ligands capables d’établir six liaisons de coordination avec le fer(III), le cobalt(III) et l’ion uranyle. Ces ligands hexadentés sont obtenus par greffage d’un bisphosphonate, 8, comportant une chaîne carbonée porteuse d’un groupe carboxylique activé, sur des supports aminés linéaires, cycliques ou tripodes 1 à 7. Dans les intermédiaires 9 à 15 ainsi formés, toutes les fonctions acide du phosphore sont estérifiées. Le traitement au bromotriméthylsilane de ces intermédiaires conduit aux ligands 9a à 15a. Pour citer cet article : R. Burgada et al....

L’objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser des ligands capables d’établir six liaisons de coordination avec le fer(III), le cobalt(III) et l’ion uranyle. Ces ligands hexadentés sont obtenus par greffage d’un bisphosphonate, 8, comportant une chaîne carbonée porteuse d’un groupe carboxylique activé, sur des supports aminés linéaires, cycliques ou tripodes 1 à 7. Dans les intermédiaires 9 à 15 ainsi formés, toutes les fonctions acide du phosphore sont estérifiées. Le traitement au bromotriméthylsilane de ces intermédiaires conduit aux ligands 9a à 15a. Pour citer cet article : R. Burgada et al....

Irrigation is a major challenge of food self-sufficiency because of the demographic conditions of Ivorian cities, combined with climate variability. The aim of this study is to analyze and optimize practices management of rice irrigation in Nanan, at the central Côte d’Ivoire under rainfall variability. Methodological approach adopted was multidisciplinary and participatory. Climatic, agro-pedological, hydrometric and sociological data was used in this study. Results showed that rainfall variability is a reality and is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods. Agricultural practices an...

Irrigation is a major challenge of food self-sufficiency because of the demographic conditions of Ivorian cities, combined with climate variability. The aim of this study is to analyze and optimize practices management of rice irrigation in Nanan, at the central Côte d’Ivoire under rainfall variability. Methodological approach adopted was multidisciplinary and participatory. Climatic, agro-pedological, hydrometric and sociological data was used in this study. Results showed that rainfall variability is a reality and is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods. Agricultural practices an...

Irrigation is a major challenge of food self-sufficiency because of the demographic conditions of Ivorian cities, combined with climate variability. The aim of this study is to analyze and optimize practices management of rice irrigation in Nanan, at the central Côte d’Ivoire under rainfall variability. Methodological approach adopted was multidisciplinary and participatory. Climatic, agro-pedological, hydrometric and sociological data was used in this study. Results showed that rainfall variability is a reality and is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods. Agricultural practices an...

Irrigation is a major challenge of food self-sufficiency because of the demographic conditions of Ivorian cities, combined with climate variability. The aim of this study is to analyze and optimize practices management of rice irrigation in Nanan, at the central Côte d’Ivoire under rainfall variability. Methodological approach adopted was multidisciplinary and participatory. Climatic, agro-pedological, hydrometric and sociological data was used in this study. Results showed that rainfall variability is a reality and is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods. Agricultural practices an...

Irrigation is a major challenge of food self-sufficiency because of the demographic conditions of Ivorian cities, combined with climate variability. The aim of this study is to analyze and optimize practices management of rice irrigation in Nanan, at the central Côte d’Ivoire under rainfall variability. Methodological approach adopted was multidisciplinary and participatory. Climatic, agro-pedological, hydrometric and sociological data was used in this study. Results showed that rainfall variability is a reality and is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods. Agricultural practices an...