PSR

ABSTRACT: In Côte d’Ivoire, agricultural development has been made possible by the Government strategy to support it through an industrialization-based policy. However, the agricultural sector is still facing many difficulties, despite significant investment efforts undertaken to turn the country into a significant agricultural and agro-food industry (AFI) products exporter on the international market. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the driving role of AFI branches in the Ivorian economy. We used Leontief’s model, coupled with Diamond’s model and Rasmussen’s indices, to assess the r...

ABSTRACT: In Côte d’Ivoire, agricultural development has been made possible by the Government strategy to support it through an industrialization-based policy. However, the agricultural sector is still facing many difficulties, despite significant investment efforts undertaken to turn the country into a significant agricultural and agro-food industry (AFI) products exporter on the international market. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the driving role of AFI branches in the Ivorian economy. We used Leontief’s model, coupled with Diamond’s model and Rasmussen’s indices, to assess the r...

ABSTRACT: In Côte d’Ivoire, agricultural development has been made possible by the Government strategy to support it through an industrialization-based policy. However, the agricultural sector is still facing many difficulties, despite significant investment efforts undertaken to turn the country into a significant agricultural and agro-food industry (AFI) products exporter on the international market. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the driving role of AFI branches in the Ivorian economy. We used Leontief’s model, coupled with Diamond’s model and Rasmussen’s indices, to assess the r...

Inappropriate sales and processing practices in the market-to-fork beef chain were studied in major cities representative of the main regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The study was initiated to identify the risk factors associated with the processing and consumption of beef sold on Côte d'Ivoire markets. Surveys were carried out among 900 consumers, 195 butchers (fresh beef) and 195 sellers of braised beef, commonly known as Choukouya. The results showed that a total of 94.1% of respondents, including 45.1% of men and 54.9% of women, consumed beef, compared with 5.9% who did not. The average age of c...

Inappropriate sales and processing practices in the market-to-fork beef chain were studied in major cities representative of the main regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The study was initiated to identify the risk factors associated with the processing and consumption of beef sold on Côte d'Ivoire markets. Surveys were carried out among 900 consumers, 195 butchers (fresh beef) and 195 sellers of braised beef, commonly known as Choukouya. The results showed that a total of 94.1% of respondents, including 45.1% of men and 54.9% of women, consumed beef, compared with 5.9% who did not. The average age of c...

Inappropriate sales and processing practices in the market-to-fork beef chain were studied in major cities representative of the main regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The study was initiated to identify the risk factors associated with the processing and consumption of beef sold on Côte d'Ivoire markets. Surveys were carried out among 900 consumers, 195 butchers (fresh beef) and 195 sellers of braised beef, commonly known as Choukouya. The results showed that a total of 94.1% of respondents, including 45.1% of men and 54.9% of women, consumed beef, compared with 5.9% who did not. The average age of c...

Inappropriate sales and processing practices in the market-to-fork beef chain were studied in major cities representative of the main regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The study was initiated to identify the risk factors associated with the processing and consumption of beef sold on Côte d'Ivoire markets. Surveys were carried out among 900 consumers, 195 butchers (fresh beef) and 195 sellers of braised beef, commonly known as Choukouya. The results showed that a total of 94.1% of respondents, including 45.1% of men and 54.9% of women, consumed beef, compared with 5.9% who did not. The average age of c...

Inappropriate sales and processing practices in the market-to-fork beef chain were studied in major cities representative of the main regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The study was initiated to identify the risk factors associated with the processing and consumption of beef sold on Côte d'Ivoire markets. Surveys were carried out among 900 consumers, 195 butchers (fresh beef) and 195 sellers of braised beef, commonly known as Choukouya. The results showed that a total of 94.1% of respondents, including 45.1% of men and 54.9% of women, consumed beef, compared with 5.9% who did not. The average age of c...

Inappropriate sales and processing practices in the market-to-fork beef chain were studied in major cities representative of the main regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The study was initiated to identify the risk factors associated with the processing and consumption of beef sold on Côte d'Ivoire markets. Surveys were carried out among 900 consumers, 195 butchers (fresh beef) and 195 sellers of braised beef, commonly known as Choukouya. The results showed that a total of 94.1% of respondents, including 45.1% of men and 54.9% of women, consumed beef, compared with 5.9% who did not. The average age of c...

Sliding mode observer with its salient features is considered one of the robust observers for flux and speed estimation of sensorless induction motor drives.However, the discontinuous switching function of the sliding mode observer causes a significant chattering which is considered a serious drawback.In this paper, a modified robust chatter-free sliding mode observer for sensorless induction motor drives is presented.The discontinuous switching hnction is replaced by a continuous one to eliminate chattering.The accuracy and robustness of the proposed sliding mode observer are examined at moto...

Sliding mode observer with its salient features is considered one of the robust observers for flux and speed estimation of sensorless induction motor drives.However, the discontinuous switching function of the sliding mode observer causes a significant chattering which is considered a serious drawback.In this paper, a modified robust chatter-free sliding mode observer for sensorless induction motor drives is presented.The discontinuous switching hnction is replaced by a continuous one to eliminate chattering.The accuracy and robustness of the proposed sliding mode observer are examined at moto...

This study presents a feedback linearization strategy and a robust controller to permit a decoupling and regulation of the motor states in order to assure a good dynamic performance and stability of the global system. As the control required the knowledge of the instantaneous flux of the rotor and the rotor parameter estimation can improve the control quality, a six-dimensional discrete-time extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor fluxes and rotor time constant. The simulation results for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to illustrate the validity and t...

This study presents a feedback linearization strategy and a robust controller to permit a decoupling and regulation of the motor states in order to assure a good dynamic performance and stability of the global system. As the control required the knowledge of the instantaneous flux of the rotor and the rotor parameter estimation can improve the control quality, a six-dimensional discrete-time extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor fluxes and rotor time constant. The simulation results for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to illustrate the validity and t...

This study presents a feedback linearization strategy and a robust controller to permit a decoupling and regulation of the motor states in order to assure a good dynamic performance and stability of the global system. As the control required the knowledge of the instantaneous flux of the rotor and the rotor parameter estimation can improve the control quality, a six-dimensional discrete-time extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor fluxes and rotor time constant. The simulation results for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to illustrate the validity and t...

This study presents a feedback linearization strategy and a robust controller to permit a decoupling and regulation of the motor states in order to assure a good dynamic performance and stability of the global system. As the control required the knowledge of the instantaneous flux of the rotor and the rotor parameter estimation can improve the control quality, a six-dimensional discrete-time extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor fluxes and rotor time constant. The simulation results for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to illustrate the validity and t...

This study presents a feedback linearization strategy and a robust controller to permit a decoupling and regulation of the motor states in order to assure a good dynamic performance and stability of the global system. As the control required the knowledge of the instantaneous flux of the rotor and the rotor parameter estimation can improve the control quality, a six-dimensional discrete-time extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor fluxes and rotor time constant. The simulation results for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to illustrate the validity and t...

This study presents a feedback linearization strategy and a robust controller to permit a decoupling and regulation of the motor states in order to assure a good dynamic performance and stability of the global system. As the control required the knowledge of the instantaneous flux of the rotor and the rotor parameter estimation can improve the control quality, a six-dimensional discrete-time extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor fluxes and rotor time constant. The simulation results for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to illustrate the validity and t...

Summary The Agbada Formation is a parallic sequence of the Niger delta basin, composed of sand-shale intercalation. Sands in the Agbada formation are known to be the major reservoir rocks in the area. The research work aimed at employing geophysical approach to carry out a study on the shale lithologies of the Agbada Formation in the Niger Delta basin to prove whether they have mature source rock potential or their major responsibility is to seal the reservoirs, which has been the major argument among researchers. Two separate fields; 'LAG' and 'JAY' located in the basin were studied. Seismic...

Summary The Agbada Formation is a parallic sequence of the Niger delta basin, composed of sand-shale intercalation. Sands in the Agbada formation are known to be the major reservoir rocks in the area. The research work aimed at employing geophysical approach to carry out a study on the shale lithologies of the Agbada Formation in the Niger Delta basin to prove whether they have mature source rock potential or their major responsibility is to seal the reservoirs, which has been the major argument among researchers. Two separate fields; 'LAG' and 'JAY' located in the basin were studied. Seismic...

La supplémentation de Panicum maximum Jacq par l'aliment concentré granulé pour lapin a l'avantage d'induire une meilleure productivité des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) et a pour inconvénient d'être relativement coûteux. Afin de réduire le coût de production des cobayes, quatre régimes alimentaires que sont : Panicum maximum et Euphorbia heterophylla associé au maïs-grain (PEM), ou associé à la farine de poisson (PEF), ou associé au grain de maïs et à la farine de poisson (PEMF) et Panicum maximum associé au granulé pour lapin (PG; régime témoin), ont été distribués ad libitum à 24 cobayes fem...

La supplémentation de Panicum maximum Jacq par l'aliment concentré granulé pour lapin a l'avantage d'induire une meilleure productivité des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) et a pour inconvénient d'être relativement coûteux. Afin de réduire le coût de production des cobayes, quatre régimes alimentaires que sont : Panicum maximum et Euphorbia heterophylla associé au maïs-grain (PEM), ou associé à la farine de poisson (PEF), ou associé au grain de maïs et à la farine de poisson (PEMF) et Panicum maximum associé au granulé pour lapin (PG; régime témoin), ont été distribués ad libitum à 24 cobayes fem...

Full French Title: Réduction des coûts alimentaires des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) par la distribution de l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke) associée à l'herbe de Guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Lam. en élevage semi-intensifObjectif: Le présent travail vise à comparer l'effet de deux modes de supplémentation par Euphorbia heterophylla d'un régime à base d'un aliment concentré sur les paramètres d'ingestion et de croissance des lapins et sur les charges alimentaires nécessaires à la production d'un kilogramme de carcasse.Méthodologie et Résultats: Le premier...

Full French Title: Réduction des coûts alimentaires des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) par la distribution de l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke) associée à l'herbe de Guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Lam. en élevage semi-intensifObjectif: Le présent travail vise à comparer l'effet de deux modes de supplémentation par Euphorbia heterophylla d'un régime à base d'un aliment concentré sur les paramètres d'ingestion et de croissance des lapins et sur les charges alimentaires nécessaires à la production d'un kilogramme de carcasse.Méthodologie et Résultats: Le premier...

Full French Title: Réduction des coûts alimentaires des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) par la distribution de l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke) associée à l'herbe de Guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Lam. en élevage semi-intensifObjectif: Le présent travail vise à comparer l'effet de deux modes de supplémentation par Euphorbia heterophylla d'un régime à base d'un aliment concentré sur les paramètres d'ingestion et de croissance des lapins et sur les charges alimentaires nécessaires à la production d'un kilogramme de carcasse.Méthodologie et Résultats: Le premier...

Full French Title: Réduction des coûts alimentaires des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) par la distribution de l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke) associée à l'herbe de Guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Lam. en élevage semi-intensifObjectif: Le présent travail vise à comparer l'effet de deux modes de supplémentation par Euphorbia heterophylla d'un régime à base d'un aliment concentré sur les paramètres d'ingestion et de croissance des lapins et sur les charges alimentaires nécessaires à la production d'un kilogramme de carcasse.Méthodologie et Résultats: Le premier...

Full French Title: Réduction des coûts alimentaires des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) par la distribution de l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke) associée à l'herbe de Guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Lam. en élevage semi-intensifObjectif: Le présent travail vise à comparer l'effet de deux modes de supplémentation par Euphorbia heterophylla d'un régime à base d'un aliment concentré sur les paramètres d'ingestion et de croissance des lapins et sur les charges alimentaires nécessaires à la production d'un kilogramme de carcasse.Méthodologie et Résultats: Le premier...

Full French Title: Réduction des coûts alimentaires des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) par la distribution de l'herbe de lait (Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke) associée à l'herbe de Guinée (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Lam. en élevage semi-intensifObjectif: Le présent travail vise à comparer l'effet de deux modes de supplémentation par Euphorbia heterophylla d'un régime à base d'un aliment concentré sur les paramètres d'ingestion et de croissance des lapins et sur les charges alimentaires nécessaires à la production d'un kilogramme de carcasse.Méthodologie et Résultats: Le premier...

La sensibilité des nématodes aux perturbations des forêts a été étudiée à l\'échelle du paysage dans la région d\'Oumé. L\'échantillonnage a été réalisé le long d\'un gradient de perturbations du milieu, partant des forêts vers le domaine rural, en raison de six répétitions par habitat. Les résultats ont montré que les nématodes libres représentent 68 % du peuplement de nématodes. Neuf genres de nématodes phytoparasites (Criconemella, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus et Xiphinema) ont été identifiés. Parmi ces nématodes, Rotylenchul...

La sensibilité des nématodes aux perturbations des forêts a été étudiée à l\'échelle du paysage dans la région d\'Oumé. L\'échantillonnage a été réalisé le long d\'un gradient de perturbations du milieu, partant des forêts vers le domaine rural, en raison de six répétitions par habitat. Les résultats ont montré que les nématodes libres représentent 68 % du peuplement de nématodes. Neuf genres de nématodes phytoparasites (Criconemella, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus et Xiphinema) ont été identifiés. Parmi ces nématodes, Rotylenchul...

La sensibilité des nématodes aux perturbations des forêts a été étudiée à l\'échelle du paysage dans la région d\'Oumé. L\'échantillonnage a été réalisé le long d\'un gradient de perturbations du milieu, partant des forêts vers le domaine rural, en raison de six répétitions par habitat. Les résultats ont montré que les nématodes libres représentent 68 % du peuplement de nématodes. Neuf genres de nématodes phytoparasites (Criconemella, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus et Xiphinema) ont été identifiés. Parmi ces nématodes, Rotylenchul...

La sensibilité des nématodes aux perturbations des forêts a été étudiée à l\'échelle du paysage dans la région d\'Oumé. L\'échantillonnage a été réalisé le long d\'un gradient de perturbations du milieu, partant des forêts vers le domaine rural, en raison de six répétitions par habitat. Les résultats ont montré que les nématodes libres représentent 68 % du peuplement de nématodes. Neuf genres de nématodes phytoparasites (Criconemella, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus et Xiphinema) ont été identifiés. Parmi ces nématodes, Rotylenchul...

Dans quelle mesure les outils de coordination en ligne fondes sur les NTIC ont-ils quelque chose de specifique a apporter au developpement durable ? Cet apport est-il au cœur des nouveaux dispositifs en emergence ou reste-t-il un simple facteur d’amelioration d’une efficacite dont les fondements resident ailleurs ? Nous avions introduit ce questionnement au nombre des thematiquesdu colloque « Services, Innovations et Developpement Durable » organise par le Laboratoire de recherche sur l’Ind...

MIPv6 is an IETF protocol that manages mobility, allowing a MN to continue to be reachable after an IP address change, result of a handover. However, when multicast applications are used, this address change results in a disruption of the service, because of the packet loss that occurs while the MN is rejoining the multicast group. Hence, we propose a new multicast scheme that provides a seamless multicast service during a handover in a MIPv6 network. The proposed scheme achieves its goal by adding a new node, denoted the MBA, whose role is to buffer the packets when the MN is performing the h...

MIPv6 is an IETF protocol that manages mobility, allowing a MN to continue to be reachable after an IP address change, result of a handover. However, when multicast applications are used, this address change results in a disruption of the service, because of the packet loss that occurs while the MN is rejoining the multicast group. Hence, we propose a new multicast scheme that provides a seamless multicast service during a handover in a MIPv6 network. The proposed scheme achieves its goal by adding a new node, denoted the MBA, whose role is to buffer the packets when the MN is performing the h...

MIPv6 is an IETF protocol that manages mobility, allowing a MN to continue to be reachable after an IP address change, result of a handover. However, when multicast applications are used, this address change results in a disruption of the service, because of the packet loss that occurs while the MN is rejoining the multicast group. Hence, we propose a new multicast scheme that provides a seamless multicast service during a handover in a MIPv6 network. The proposed scheme achieves its goal by adding a new node, denoted the MBA, whose role is to buffer the packets when the MN is performing the h...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

A bathymetric and sedimentological analysis carried out respectively in July 2017 and April 2018 made it possible to characterize the sediments and the morphology of Lake Nafoun. The sediments of the lake consist of vases, fine to very coarse sands with average particle sizes ranging from 475.67 and 2111 μm. There is a predominance of very coarse elements (43.50%). The standard deviation of the lake sand is between 1.21 and 1.86 and is poorly classified. The skewness fluctuates between ?0.06 and 0.41. The sediments were deposited at the bottom of the lake due to a progressive decline in the fl...

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. Although the use of inoculants consisting of native AMF is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. The objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native AMF species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on cassava yield, an important food security crop in tropical and subtropical regions. Firstly, native AM...

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. Although the use of inoculants consisting of native AMF is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. The objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native AMF species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on cassava yield, an important food security crop in tropical and subtropical regions. Firstly, native AM...

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. Although the use of inoculants consisting of native AMF is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. The objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native AMF species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on cassava yield, an important food security crop in tropical and subtropical regions. Firstly, native AM...

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. Although the use of inoculants consisting of native AMF is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. The objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native AMF species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on cassava yield, an important food security crop in tropical and subtropical regions. Firstly, native AM...

The objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the statistical models regarding the size of samples. The study carried out in Ivory Coast is based on annual maximum daily rainfall data collected from 26 stations. The methodological approach is based on the statistical modeling of maximum daily rainfall. Adjustments were made on several sample sizes and several return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). The main results have shown that the 30 years series (1931-1960; 1961-1990; 1991-2020) are better adjusted by the Gumbel (26.92% - 53.85%) and Inverse Gamma (26.92% - 46.15%)...

The objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the statistical models regarding the size of samples. The study carried out in Ivory Coast is based on annual maximum daily rainfall data collected from 26 stations. The methodological approach is based on the statistical modeling of maximum daily rainfall. Adjustments were made on several sample sizes and several return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). The main results have shown that the 30 years series (1931-1960; 1961-1990; 1991-2020) are better adjusted by the Gumbel (26.92% - 53.85%) and Inverse Gamma (26.92% - 46.15%)...

The objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the statistical models regarding the size of samples. The study carried out in Ivory Coast is based on annual maximum daily rainfall data collected from 26 stations. The methodological approach is based on the statistical modeling of maximum daily rainfall. Adjustments were made on several sample sizes and several return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). The main results have shown that the 30 years series (1931-1960; 1961-1990; 1991-2020) are better adjusted by the Gumbel (26.92% - 53.85%) and Inverse Gamma (26.92% - 46.15%)...

The present study shows how to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution using different sorts of solvents. To do so, liquid-liquid equilibrium data were obtained for ternaries systems of bisphenol A-water-solvents using butan-1-ol, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane as solvents in order to study the possible distribution of bisphenol A in these solvents compared to water. The mutual solubility curves, tie-lines data, distribution coefficients, selectivity diagram and separation factors were determined for these three aqueous systems. The distribution coefficients show that all the three solven...

The present study shows how to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution using different sorts of solvents. To do so, liquid-liquid equilibrium data were obtained for ternaries systems of bisphenol A-water-solvents using butan-1-ol, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane as solvents in order to study the possible distribution of bisphenol A in these solvents compared to water. The mutual solubility curves, tie-lines data, distribution coefficients, selectivity diagram and separation factors were determined for these three aqueous systems. The distribution coefficients show that all the three solven...

The present study shows how to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution using different sorts of solvents. To do so, liquid-liquid equilibrium data were obtained for ternaries systems of bisphenol A-water-solvents using butan-1-ol, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane as solvents in order to study the possible distribution of bisphenol A in these solvents compared to water. The mutual solubility curves, tie-lines data, distribution coefficients, selectivity diagram and separation factors were determined for these three aqueous systems. The distribution coefficients show that all the three solven...

The present study shows how to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution using different sorts of solvents. To do so, liquid-liquid equilibrium data were obtained for ternaries systems of bisphenol A-water-solvents using butan-1-ol, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane as solvents in order to study the possible distribution of bisphenol A in these solvents compared to water. The mutual solubility curves, tie-lines data, distribution coefficients, selectivity diagram and separation factors were determined for these three aqueous systems. The distribution coefficients show that all the three solven...

Silage making process can be explained very simply, it is actually very complex and dependant on many factors, such as the natural microbial population, harvesting conditions and the sugar content of the forage. Consequently, silage quality can be very variable and the only way to effectively control the fermentation process is to use an additive. Additives are natural or industrial products added in rather large quantities to the forage or grain mass. Additives control or prevent certain types of fermentation, thus reducing losses and improving silage stability. In order to assist in the ferm...

Silage making process can be explained very simply, it is actually very complex and dependant on many factors, such as the natural microbial population, harvesting conditions and the sugar content of the forage. Consequently, silage quality can be very variable and the only way to effectively control the fermentation process is to use an additive. Additives are natural or industrial products added in rather large quantities to the forage or grain mass. Additives control or prevent certain types of fermentation, thus reducing losses and improving silage stability. In order to assist in the ferm...

The trapping height is an important quantity that influences the parameters measured by optical tweezers such as the stiffness, the force and stability of the trap. In this paper, we propose a simple method using video microscopy and based on tracking of particles positions in the axial and radial directions. The positional fluctuations in the axial direction were used to estimate the trap height and determine the trap stiffness using Boltzmann statistics. This method makes it possible to obtain simultaneously the trap stiffness and the trap height. The entropy values of the information for ea...

The trapping height is an important quantity that influences the parameters measured by optical tweezers such as the stiffness, the force and stability of the trap. In this paper, we propose a simple method using video microscopy and based on tracking of particles positions in the axial and radial directions. The positional fluctuations in the axial direction were used to estimate the trap height and determine the trap stiffness using Boltzmann statistics. This method makes it possible to obtain simultaneously the trap stiffness and the trap height. The entropy values of the information for ea...

The trapping height is an important quantity that influences the parameters measured by optical tweezers such as the stiffness, the force and stability of the trap. In this paper, we propose a simple method using video microscopy and based on tracking of particles positions in the axial and radial directions. The positional fluctuations in the axial direction were used to estimate the trap height and determine the trap stiffness using Boltzmann statistics. This method makes it possible to obtain simultaneously the trap stiffness and the trap height. The entropy values of the information for ea...

The trapping height is an important quantity that influences the parameters measured by optical tweezers such as the stiffness, the force and stability of the trap. In this paper, we propose a simple method using video microscopy and based on tracking of particles positions in the axial and radial directions. The positional fluctuations in the axial direction were used to estimate the trap height and determine the trap stiffness using Boltzmann statistics. This method makes it possible to obtain simultaneously the trap stiffness and the trap height. The entropy values of the information for ea...

La ville de Sassandra, est située au sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire.Elle constitue le pôle stratégique du redéploiement de production agricole nationale.Cependant, la ville est confrontée à d'énormes difficultés auxquelles s'ajoutent les problèmes spécifiques liés à son site et à la configuration particulière de son territoire.La présente étude se propose d'analyser les entraves au développement de la ville.Pour atteindre cet objectif la méthodologie utilisée est l'analyse documentaire, l'observation directe de terrain et les entretiens avec les acteurs de développement.L'étude révèle que les c...

La ville de Sassandra, est située au sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire.Elle constitue le pôle stratégique du redéploiement de production agricole nationale.Cependant, la ville est confrontée à d'énormes difficultés auxquelles s'ajoutent les problèmes spécifiques liés à son site et à la configuration particulière de son territoire.La présente étude se propose d'analyser les entraves au développement de la ville.Pour atteindre cet objectif la méthodologie utilisée est l'analyse documentaire, l'observation directe de terrain et les entretiens avec les acteurs de développement.L'étude révèle que les c...

La ville de Sassandra, est située au sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire.Elle constitue le pôle stratégique du redéploiement de production agricole nationale.Cependant, la ville est confrontée à d'énormes difficultés auxquelles s'ajoutent les problèmes spécifiques liés à son site et à la configuration particulière de son territoire.La présente étude se propose d'analyser les entraves au développement de la ville.Pour atteindre cet objectif la méthodologie utilisée est l'analyse documentaire, l'observation directe de terrain et les entretiens avec les acteurs de développement.L'étude révèle que les c...

Le but de ce travail est d’améliorer l’efficacité énergétique des procédés du séchage solaire, il apparaît nécessaire d’établir des règles de conception moins empiriques et prenant mieux en compte les processus mis en jeu. La modélisation du séchage solaire sous serre a pour but de prévoir l’évolution des teneurs en eau jusqu’à atteindre la valeur souhaitée. Par ailleurs la conception du modèle devra prendre en compte tous les échanges entre le produit humide et son environnement ainsi que son comportement durant le séchage pour obtenir des prédictions authentiques et de pouvoir intégrer la pr...

Le but de ce travail est d’améliorer l’efficacité énergétique des procédés du séchage solaire, il apparaît nécessaire d’établir des règles de conception moins empiriques et prenant mieux en compte les processus mis en jeu. La modélisation du séchage solaire sous serre a pour but de prévoir l’évolution des teneurs en eau jusqu’à atteindre la valeur souhaitée. Par ailleurs la conception du modèle devra prendre en compte tous les échanges entre le produit humide et son environnement ainsi que son comportement durant le séchage pour obtenir des prédictions authentiques et de pouvoir intégrer la pr...

Several works by the authors have shown that energy consumption in communication networks does not only depend on the traffic load but on all connected equipment in the network. We have contributed a new mathematical model and a new energy saving strategy with Software Defined Network (SDN) technology [1]. Our Model solution is based on the Modified SPRING Protocol (MSP). In this paper, we simulated our work and compared it to that of the authors [2] and [3]. The OMNET++ simulator was used for our work. Thus, the results of the simulations gave a delay that tends to zero, a packet loss of the...

Several works by the authors have shown that energy consumption in communication networks does not only depend on the traffic load but on all connected equipment in the network. We have contributed a new mathematical model and a new energy saving strategy with Software Defined Network (SDN) technology [1]. Our Model solution is based on the Modified SPRING Protocol (MSP). In this paper, we simulated our work and compared it to that of the authors [2] and [3]. The OMNET++ simulator was used for our work. Thus, the results of the simulations gave a delay that tends to zero, a packet loss of the...

Several works by the authors have shown that energy consumption in communication networks does not only depend on the traffic load but on all connected equipment in the network. We have contributed a new mathematical model and a new energy saving strategy with Software Defined Network (SDN) technology [1]. Our Model solution is based on the Modified SPRING Protocol (MSP). In this paper, we simulated our work and compared it to that of the authors [2] and [3]. The OMNET++ simulator was used for our work. Thus, the results of the simulations gave a delay that tends to zero, a packet loss of the...

Several works by the authors have shown that energy consumption in communication networks does not only depend on the traffic load but on all connected equipment in the network. We have contributed a new mathematical model and a new energy saving strategy with Software Defined Network (SDN) technology [1]. Our Model solution is based on the Modified SPRING Protocol (MSP). In this paper, we simulated our work and compared it to that of the authors [2] and [3]. The OMNET++ simulator was used for our work. Thus, the results of the simulations gave a delay that tends to zero, a packet loss of the...

In this study, a new multiobjective optimization of the simultaneous removal of phosphates and nitrates by electrocoagulation was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Ten aluminium electrodes, connected in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor, were immersed in synthetic wastewater and then in real wastewater. The optimal conditions and the effects of parameters (current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH) on phosphate and nitrate removal, the formation of by-products, and the operating cost were assessed in the case of synthetic wastewater. This optimization allowed to elimin...

In this study, a new multiobjective optimization of the simultaneous removal of phosphates and nitrates by electrocoagulation was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Ten aluminium electrodes, connected in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor, were immersed in synthetic wastewater and then in real wastewater. The optimal conditions and the effects of parameters (current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH) on phosphate and nitrate removal, the formation of by-products, and the operating cost were assessed in the case of synthetic wastewater. This optimization allowed to elimin...

In this study, a new multiobjective optimization of the simultaneous removal of phosphates and nitrates by electrocoagulation was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Ten aluminium electrodes, connected in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor, were immersed in synthetic wastewater and then in real wastewater. The optimal conditions and the effects of parameters (current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH) on phosphate and nitrate removal, the formation of by-products, and the operating cost were assessed in the case of synthetic wastewater. This optimization allowed to elimin...

In this study, a new multiobjective optimization of the simultaneous removal of phosphates and nitrates by electrocoagulation was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Ten aluminium electrodes, connected in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor, were immersed in synthetic wastewater and then in real wastewater. The optimal conditions and the effects of parameters (current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH) on phosphate and nitrate removal, the formation of by-products, and the operating cost were assessed in the case of synthetic wastewater. This optimization allowed to elimin...

In this study, a new multiobjective optimization of the simultaneous removal of phosphates and nitrates by electrocoagulation was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Ten aluminium electrodes, connected in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor, were immersed in synthetic wastewater and then in real wastewater. The optimal conditions and the effects of parameters (current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH) on phosphate and nitrate removal, the formation of by-products, and the operating cost were assessed in the case of synthetic wastewater. This optimization allowed to elimin...

In this study, a new multiobjective optimization of the simultaneous removal of phosphates and nitrates by electrocoagulation was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Ten aluminium electrodes, connected in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor, were immersed in synthetic wastewater and then in real wastewater. The optimal conditions and the effects of parameters (current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH) on phosphate and nitrate removal, the formation of by-products, and the operating cost were assessed in the case of synthetic wastewater. This optimization allowed to elimin...

Sinorhizobium fredii indigenous populations are prevalent in provinces of Central China whereas Bradyrhizobium species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, and others) are more abundant in northern and southern provinces. The symbiotic properties of different soybean rhizobia have been investigated with 40 different wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions from China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Bradyrhizobial strains nodulated all the wild soybeans tested, albeit efficiency of nitrogen fixation varied considerably among accessions. The symbiotic capacity of S. fredii HH...

Sinorhizobium fredii indigenous populations are prevalent in provinces of Central China whereas Bradyrhizobium species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, and others) are more abundant in northern and southern provinces. The symbiotic properties of different soybean rhizobia have been investigated with 40 different wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions from China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Bradyrhizobial strains nodulated all the wild soybeans tested, albeit efficiency of nitrogen fixation varied considerably among accessions. The symbiotic capacity of S. fredii HH...